Book 12 Academic Reading Test 4

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1. 

Questions 1-8

Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.

The History of Glass

  • Early humans used a material called 1 to make the sharp points of their 2
  • 4000 BC: 3 made of stone were covered in a coating of man-made glass.
  • First century BC: glass was coloured because of the 4  in the material.
  • Until 476 AD: Only the 5  knew how to make glass.
  • From 10th century: Venetians became famous for making bottles out of glass.
  • 17th century: George Ravenscroft developed a process using 6  to avoid the occurrence of 7 in blown glass.
  • Mid-19th century: British glass production developed after changes to laws concerning 8

2. 

Questions 9-13

In boxes on your answer sheet, write

TRUE               if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE              if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN    if there is no information on this

9 In 1887, HM Ashley had the fastest bottle-producing machine that existed at the time.
 

3. 
10 Michael Owens was hired by a large US company to design a fully-automated bottle manufacturing machine for them.

4. 
11 Nowadays, most glass is produced by large international manufacturers.

5. 
12 Concern for the environment is leading to an increased demand for glass containers.

6. 
13 It is more expensive to produce recycled glass than to manufacture new glass.

7. 

Questions 14-18

Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes on your answer sheet.

14 What did the 2006 discovery of the animal bone reveal about the lynx?
 

8. 
15 What point does the writer make about large predators in the third paragraph?

9. 
16 What does the writer suggest about British conservation in the fourth paragraph?

10. 
17 Protecting large areas of the sea from commercial fishing would result in

11. 
18 According to the author, what distinguishes rewilding from other environmental campaigns?

12. 

Questions 19-22

Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases A-F below.

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes on your answer sheet.

A     trees B     endangered species C     hillsides
D     wild animals E     humans F     farm animals

Reintroducing the lynx to Britain

There would be many advantages to reintroducing the lynx to Britain. While there is no evidence that the lynx has ever put 19 in danger, it would reduce the numbers of certain 20 whose populations have increased enormously in recent decades. It would present only a minimal threat to 21 , provided these were kept away from lynx habitats. Furthermore, the reintroduction programme would also link efficiently with initiatives to return native 22 to certain areas of the country.

13. 

Questions 23-26

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the Reading Passage?

In boxes on your answer sheet, write

YES                  if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO                   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN     if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

23 Britain could become the first European country to reintroduce the lynx.
 

14. 
24 The large growth in the European lynx population since 1970 has exceeded conservationists’ expectations.

15. 
25 Changes in agricultural practices have extended the habitat of the lynx in Europe.

16. 
26 It has become apparent that species reintroduction has commercial advantages.

17. 

Questions 27-33

The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

1.          Disputes over financial arrangements regarding senior managers

2.          The impact on companies of being subjected to close examination

3.         The possible need for fundamental change in every area of business

4.         Many external bodies being held responsible for problems

5.         The falling number of board members with broad enough experience

6.         A risk that not all directors take part in solving major problems

7.        Broads not looking far enough ahead

8.       A proposal to change the way the board operates

27 Paragraph A
28 Paragraph B
29 Paragraph C
30 Paragraph D
31 Paragraph E
32 Paragraph F
33 Paragraph G

18. 

Questions 34-37

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the Reading Passage?

In boxes on your answer sheet, write

YES                  if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO                   if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN     if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

34 Close scrutiny of the behaviour of boards has increased since the economic downturn.
 

19. 
35 Banks have been mismanaged to a greater extent than other businesses.

20. 
36 Board meetings normally continue for as long as necessary to debate matters in full.

21. 
37 Using a committee structure would ensure that board members are fully informed about significant issues.

22. 

Questions 38-40

Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.

  • Before 2008, non-executive directors were at a disadvantage because of their lack of 38
  • Boards tend to place too much emphasis on 39 considerations that are only of short-term relevance.
  • On certain matters, such as pay, the board may have to accept the views of 40

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