Book 12 Academic Reading Test 3 |

Questions 1-7

The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes on your answer sheet

List of Headings

1. The importance of getting the timing right

2. Young meets old

3. Developments to the disadvantage of tortoise populations

4. Planning a bigger idea

5. Tortoises populate the islands

6. Carrying out a carefully prepared operation

7. Looking for a home for the islands’ tortoises

8. The start of the conservation project

1 Paragraph A

2 Paragraph B

3 Paragraph C

4 Paragraph D

5 Paragraph E

6 Paragraph F

7 Paragraph G

Questions 8-13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet

The decline of the Galápagos tortoise

Originally from mainland South America
Numbers on Galápagos islands increased, due to lack of predators
17th century: small numbers taken onto ships used by 8
1790s: very large numbers taken onto whaling ships, kept for 9 , and also used to produce 10
Hunted by 11 on the islands
Habitat destruction: for the establishment of agriculture and by various 12 not native to the islands, which also fed on baby tortoises and tortoises’ 13

Questions 14-19

The Reading Passage has eight sections, A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

14 an acceptance that not all diseases can be totally eliminated

15 examples of physical conditions caused by human behaviour

16 a reference to classifying diseases on the basis of how far they extend geographically

17 reasons why the level of access to healthcare can vary within a country

18 a description of health geography as a mixture of different academic fields

19 a description of the type of area where a particular illness is rare

Questions 20-26

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Certain disease have disappeared, thanks to better 20 and healthcare.
Because there is more contact between people, 21 are losing their usefulness.
Disease-causing 22 are most likely to be found in hot, damp regions.
One cause of pollution is 23 that burn a particular fuel.
The growth of cities often has an impact on nearby 24
25 is one disease that is growing after having been eradicated.
A physical barrier such as a 26 Can prevent people from reaching a hospital.

Questions 27-31

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.

The Montreal Study

Participants, who were recruited for the study through advertisements, had their brain activity monitored while listening to their favourite music. It was noted that the music stimulated the brain’s neurons to release a substance called 27 in two of the parts of the brain which are associated with feeling 28 .

Researchers also observed that the neurons in the area of the brain called the 29 were particularly active just before the participants’ favourite moments in the music – the period known as the 30 . Activity in this part of the brain is associated with the expectation of ‘reward’ stimuli such as 31 .

Questions 32-36

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes on your answer sheet.

32 What point does the writer emphasise in the first paragraph?

A. how dramatically our reactions to music can vary

B. how intense our physical responses to music can be

C. how little we know about the way that music affects us

D. how much music can tell us about how our brains operate

33 what view of the Montreal study does the writer express in the second paragraph?

A. Its aims were innovative.

B. The approach was too simplistic.

C. It produced some remarkably precise data.

D. The technology used was unnecessarily complex.

34 What does the writer find interesting about the results of the Montreal study?

A. the timing of participants’ neural responses to the music

B. the impact of the music of participants’ emotional state

C. the section of participants’ brains which was activated by the music

D. the type of music which had the strongest effect on participants’ brains

35 Why does the writer refer to Meyer’s work on music and emotion?

A. to propose an original theory about the subject

B. to offer support for the findings of the Montreal study

C. to recommend the need for further research into the subject

D. to present a view which opposes that of the Montreal researchers

10.

36 According to Leonard Meyer, what causes the listener’s emotional response to music?

A. the way that the music evokes poignant memories in the listener

B. the association of certain musical chords with certain feelings

C. the listener’s sympathy with the composer’s intentions

D. the internal structure of the musical composition

11.

Questions 37-40

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes on your answer sheet.

A our response to music depends on our initial emotional state.

B neuron activity decreases if outcomes become predictable.

C emotive music can bring to mind actual pictures and events.

D experiences in our past can influence our emotional reaction to music.

E emotive music delays giving listeners what they expect to hear.

F neuron activity increases prior to key points in a musical piece.

37 The Montreal researchers discovered that

38 Many studies have demonstrated that

39 Meyer’s analysis of Beethoven’s music shows that

40 Earlier theories of music suggested that