Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Noise in Cities

Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people’s responses.

Noise ‘maps’

• show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads
• do not show other sources of noise, e.g. when windows are open or people’s neighbours are in their 31
• ignore variation in people’s perceptions of noise
• have made people realize that the noise is a 32  issue that must be dealt with

Problems caused by noise

• sleep disturbance
• increase in amount of stress
• effect on the 33  of schoolchildren

Different types of noise

Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a 34  in a town

To investigate this, researchers may use methods from 35  sciences e.g. questionnaires

What people want

Plenty of activity in urban environments which are 36 , but also allow people to relax

But architects and town planners

• do not get much 37  in acoustics
• regard sound as the responsibility of engineers

Understanding sound as an art form

We need to know

• how sound relates to 38
• what can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound
• whether physics can help us understand the 39  of sound

Virtual reality programs

• advantage: predict the effect of buildings
• current disadvantage: they are 40